{"id":57787,"date":"2022-12-15T10:55:35","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T08:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/funbridge.com\/blog\/?p=57787"},"modified":"2022-12-15T10:57:38","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T08:57:38","slug":"bridge-and-politics-games-of-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/funbridge.com\/blog\/en\/bridge-and-politics-games-of-power\/","title":{"rendered":"Bridge and politics, games of power"},"content":{"rendered":"
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In the beginning was the club. A place where bridge players get together, where they meet before they confront each other. Or, to put it better in the present where players nearly exclusively play duplicate bridge in form of pairs or team tournaments, to compare themselves with each other. These clubs have been grouped together to form national federations, which have intermediate levels: regional committees, in the case of France, which span over several departments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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French Bridge Federation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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The French Bridge Federation (FFB) has a little more than 1,000 clubs, affiliated to 29 committees, whose presidents are elected by the votes of the club members (a little less than 90,000 today). It is up to them to elect the executive board, then the board of directors, chaired by the first on the list, who becomes president of the FFB. The FFB was created in 1933 and has the aim to promote bridge and organize national competitions, naturally leading to continental and world championships. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

It is a pyramidal organization, which begins at local and regional level, and at the top delivers national titles and selects the teams which will defend the French colors in the international championships. However, within its function, the Federation must also organize the teaching of bridge. For this, it has set up a bridge university – which perhaps has no equivalent in the world – with a three-level structure of diplomas: monitors, assistant teachers and teachers, in addition to school initiators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Likewise, the directors are appointed in three stages: club, regional and national, the latter then being able to compete for the status of international referee.The FFB has large headquarters in Saint-Cloud (Hauts-de-Seine), housing not only the offices of around thirty employees and ten elected officials, but also the playing rooms for the national finals. These premises could also be subject to greater occupation during the week to contribute to the development of bridge. With its budget of nearly 8 million euros and the number of its members, the FFB ranks second among all federations in the world, behind the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL), which brings together the United States, Canada and Mexico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Source : Google \/ Nicolas Tenoux<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

One of the challenges of the next term will probably be to decentralize competitions and, at the same time, to encourage leisure bridge through specific and categorical activities taking into account the availability and wishes of each individual, depending on whether they are for young people, people who are active with work and family or seniors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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In Europe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Other large European federations have roughly the same organization. Nevertheless, some interesting variants exist, as in the Netherlands, where they have the second largest federation in Europe but by far the first if we compare it to the population (87,000 members for 15 million inhabitants). Everyone knows that this country represents some kind of model of democracy… and bridge is no exception. The election of the president and the executive committee takes place every 4 years, as in France, but within the framework of a general assembly bringing together the presidents of over 1000 clubs. A way of doing things from which France could draw inspiration, as it encourages direct dialog and makes actions more dynamic. Other European federations, such as Poland, have a slightly different organization.<\/p>\n\n\n

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It should be noted in passing that these federations – like Italy – are recognized by their Ministry of Sports or their National Olympic Committee; they are therefore subject to a number of additional obligations, such as anti-doping controls, even if these are considerably lighter for bridge as was recently confirmed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The case of China, which already counts 700 clubs, is a bit special, even though the country is also divided into provinces. These are equivalent to our regional committees and elect delegates that are subject to ratification by the Ministry. The same goes for the election of the president, the secretary general and the various commissions that govern bridge in China, which has become a major global player.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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World-wide<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Even though not an Olympic discipline, bridge benefits from public subsidies in countries where it is recognized as a sport. This is the case for about half of the members of the World Federation and for those mentioned above, but not for the largest of them: the United States, whose status is very special!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A confusion was partially resolved last year, between the ACBL – which brings together all American, Canadian and Mexican players in what they sometimes call 25 cross-border districts and which in fact has the backbone of a national federation, and the North American Bridge Federation which has been formed into zones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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This system \u2013 which is in the process of evolving \u2013 significantly minimizes the role of the president, who simply visits the different districts during a one-year term, while the board instructs the CEO to apply the directives. Needless to say this is not very efficient and there have been more than ten general managers in the past 25 years to lead 80 employees at the Memphis headquarters. The other peculiarity lies in the organization of \u201clevel\u201d competitions, since there are three major championships, which are held each year in different cities; they bring together players of different levels, but within competitions that may overlap; I am talking about the famous NABCs (or \u201cNationals\u201d), open to everyone, including foreigners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the year, each district can organize its own \u201cRegionals\u201d, again open to everyone, while the 3,000 clubs take care of \u201ceveryday\u201d bridge. Undoubtedly an almost unique model of decentralization, adapted to the size of the country \u2013 even the three countries combined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the needs of participation in international competitions, however, there are national structures reduced to the role of selection for the World Championships: the United States Bridge Federation (USBF), the Canadian Bridge Federation (CBF) \u2013 which had been successfully integrated into its CNO\u2013 and the Mexican Bridge Federation. Intotal there are 170,000 members. Afinal feature lies in the parallel existence of a federation bringing together only black players: the American Bridge Association (ABA), which has no right to international representativeness. Fortunately, this does not prevent some of them from being selected for American national teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Internationally<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Then, in order to facilitate communications, the national federations are grouped together into eight main geographical zones around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) The European Bridge League (EBL)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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In terms of voting rights, its status is incomparable. In the vast majority of international organizations, the rule imposes \u201cOne country, one vote\u201d. Almost thirty years ago, against all expectations and all predictions, I was able to convince the forty or so members at the time of the necessary change in order to arrive at a scale of between one and seven votes depending on the size of the member countries. A system that takes into account the disproportionate amounts of financial contributions and the delegations sent to the European Championships (which vary a lot in numbers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No one now disputes the relevance of this system, which gives more weight to the major contributors without harming the others. In this way, if necessary, everybody can make alliances in favor or not of this or that project.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

2) The North American Bridge Federation (NABF).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

3) The South American Bridge Confederation (CSB).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4) The Bridge Federation of Asia & Middle East (BFAME).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5) The Central American & Caribbean Bridge (CAC).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

6) The Asia Pacific Bridge Federation (APBF).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

7) The South Pacific Bridge Federation.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

8) The African Bridge Federation.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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At the top, finally, is the World Bridge Federation (WBF), created in 1958 with its first president, the Frenchman Robert de Nexon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its Executive Council consists of delegates from the eight geographical zones, plus the president. Their number varies according to the \u201cweight\u201d of each (five representatives for zones 1 and 2, two for zone 6 including China, and one for each of the others). In addition, two more members of the Council are elected by the High Level Players Commission. This means a Council of 20 people in total, responsible for electing a president every 4 years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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The WBF is a member of SportAccord, the International Mind Sports Association (IMSA), the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU) and was recognized by International Olympic Committee as an International Sports Federation at the Seoul session in 1999. The WBF governs the rules and laws of competitive bridge, periodically revising the Laws of Duplicate Bridge (first published in 1870!). It is also in charge of the organization of the World Championships in all their forms (pairs, teams, individual) and for all categories (Youth, Open, Women’s or Seniors, and Mixed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numerous committees oversee ethics and discipline, as well as in the promotion and organization of bridge. Moreover, it is often even through \u2013 or with \u2013 the WBF that bridge is able to take advantage of new technologies, of which it is an avid user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, it never fails to rely on its members, the national federations, to profit from their skills and resources, which make bridge live fully on a larger level than only some exciting deals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Further information…<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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How the Netherlands changed its electoral process<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Eric Laurant, the author of this reform, sees it as his greatest success. It required three years of effort: the time to convince the 27 districts – holders of the right to vote – to transfer their right to the 1,200 clubs. Each year, they invite the representatives of these clubs for a General Assembly (which has now become quite festive with around 1,000 people present), thus ensuring a true democratic process. A reform made possible by the transfer of expertise and responsibilities to the districts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Netherlands\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Poland and England: two different models<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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In Poland, a player is a member of a \u201cclub\u201d, but there is one detail: there are no real clubs! Bridge players play after their work, from 17.00 to 18.00, in caf\u00e9s or restaurants where they dine and drink at the same time. These \u201cclubs\u201d are members of regional associations, themselves members of the federation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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The English Bridge Union Limited (EBU), on the other hand, is a company whose shareholders are the 39 counties who get together to elect a board of 8 directors (administrators).They in turn elect a president, a vice-president, a treasurer and two committees. Its headquarters are located near London and it has around 20 employees for around 35, 000 enrolled members, although there are probably as many players in the clubs who are not registered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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ACBL in the middle of restructuring<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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While retaining their representatives, the 25 districts will be grouped into 13 regions, which will elect their directors to the board for 3 years and 4 terms at most. In parallel, there is a Board of Governors, composed of five representatives from the 25 districts, and past presidents of the ACBL. It meets at the time of the Nationals. This body can increasingly influence ACBL policy with simple majority votes as opposed to the two-thirds required until now.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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A few numbers…<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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1870<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The Laws of Duplicate Bridge is edited for the first time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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700<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

bridge clubs in China.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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8<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

budget for the FFB.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

What did you think of this report?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Please share your view in the Comments<\/em> section below!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the beginning was the club. A place where bridge players get together, where they meet before they confront each other. Or, to put it better in the present where players nearly exclusively play duplicate bridge in form of pairs or team tournaments, to compare themselves with each other. These clubs have been grouped together to form national federations, which have intermediate levels: regional committees, in the case of France, which span over several departments. French Bridge Federation The French Bridge Federation (FFB) has a little more than 1,000 clubs, affiliated to 29 committees, whose presidents are elected by the\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":57732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14923],"tags":[13348],"access":[13334],"class_list":["post-57787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bridge-lessons","tag-report","access-premium-plus-en"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":5}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBridge and politics, games of power - Blog Funbridge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/funbridge.com\/blog\/en\/bridge-and-politics-games-of-power\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bridge and politics, games of power - Blog Funbridge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the beginning was the club. A place where bridge players get together, where they meet before they confront each other. Or, to put it better in the present where players nearly exclusively play duplicate bridge in form of pairs or team tournaments, to compare themselves with each other. These clubs have been grouped together to form national federations, which have intermediate levels: regional committees, in the case of France, which span over several departments. 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A place where bridge players get together, where they meet before they confront each other. Or, to put it better in the present where players nearly exclusively play duplicate bridge in form of pairs or team tournaments, to compare themselves with each other. These clubs have been grouped together to form national federations, which have intermediate levels: regional committees, in the case of France, which span over several departments. 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